The volume of cargo in the ports grew by 13 per cent during 2005. See instructions, General Studies Paper-I for TNPSC Mains Exam, General Studies PAPER – II – HINDU RELIGION, TNPSC Prelims Exam 2020- Test Series and Notes Program, TNPSC Prelims and Mains Tests Series and Notes Program, Comptroller & Auditor General of India (CAG), Syllabus and Pattern of TNPSC Prelims Exam. Parantaka Chola II expanded the Chola empire into what is now interior Andhra Pradesh and coastal Karnataka, while under the great Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola, the Cholas rose to a notable power in southeast Asia. Tamil has been declared as the first Classical language of India in the year 2004. 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Due to increased population and for administrative purposes, there is an increase in demands for new districts: The state capital of Chennai, is the most populous city in the state with more than 8,900,000 residents, followed by Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and Salem, respectively. It has the largest number of International Airports along with Kerala. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 5,952 km (3,698 mi) and there are 532 railway stations in the state. For example, He comes is translated as varugirán in Formal Tamil but, colloquially it is shortened as varán. [73][74] A large community of Pakistani Tamils speakers exists in Karachi, Pakistan, which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus[75][76] as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka. Vast numbers of bryophytes, lichen, fungi, algae, and bacteria are among the wild plant diversity of Tamil Nadu. By the early 18th century, the political scene in Tamil Nadu saw a major change-over and was under the control of many minor rulers aspiring to be independent. English and Hindi are also widely spoken in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu News in Tamil (தமிழ்நாடு செய்தி) - Indian Express Tamil offers latest Tamil news Chennai news and Tamil Nadu news live coverage, headlines and updates about Tamilnadu crime, politics, education, weather and many more. [81][82] Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore. The Cession Treaty of 1956 stipulated that French should be the official language of Puducherry and that it should remain so until the elected official decided otherwise. In terms of modern cine-music, Ilaiyaraaja was a prominent composer of film music in Tamil cinema during the late 1970s and 1980s. Tamil is a consistently head-final language. [80] Tamil is also spoken by migrants from Sri Lanka and India in Canada, the United States (especially New Jersey and New York City), Australia, the United Kingdom, South Africa, and many other European and Middle Eastern countries. Traditional grammars of Tamil do not distinguish between adjectives and adverbs, including both of them under the category uriccol, although modern grammarians tend to distinguish between them on morphological and syntactical grounds. The famine led to the migration of people as bonded labourers for the British to various countries which eventually formed the present Tamil diaspora. A multilingual danger sign in Singapore with Tamil writing. The question is: Who made them? [78] Many in Réunion, Guyana, Fiji, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins,[79] but only a small number speak the language. [15] The ASI archaeologists have proposed that the script used at that site, Tamil Brahmi, is "very rudimentary" and date it somewhere between the 5th century BCE and 3rd century BCE. Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state in India. Chennai is known as the Detroit of India. 300 BC – AD 300. [125] The term Kollywood is a blend of Kodambakkam and Hollywood. Among the other Dravidian languages, the retroflex approximant also occurs in Malayalam (for example in 'Kozhikode'), disappeared from spoken Kannada around 1000 AD (although the character is still written, and exists in Unicode, ೞ as in ಕೊೞೆ), and was never present in Telugu.